(PA-335) Assessment of Knowledge and Diagnostic Competence on MGUS Among Primary Care Physicians in Southern Brazil

Introduction:  Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) is a precursor condition to multiple myeloma (MM) and affects approximately 3% of individuals over the age of 50, with prevalence increasing with age. Despite its high prevalence and the estimated risk of malignant transformation (~1% per year), MGUS remains under-recognized in primary care settings. In Brazil, the underreporting and late diagnosis of MGUS may be attributed to a lack of awareness among healthcare professionals and the absence of specific screening protocols. Brazilian studies have identified a significantly lower number of diagnosed cases than expected, highlighting the urgent need for strategies to improve early detection and clinical follow-up. This study aimed to assess primary care physicians' knowledge and diagnostic capacity regarding MGUS in Cascavel, Brazil.

Methods:   A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered online questionnaire distributed via Google Forms to physicians from 36 Basic Health Units (UBS/USF). The instrument assessed familiarity with MGUS, diagnostic criteria, associated clinical features, and management strategies. The survey consisted of 35 questions developed by the study team to capture information relating to awareness and knowledge of MGUS and potential support needs of General Practitioners/Family Doctors.  Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results:   Out of 117 physicians invited, 34 responded. Most (94.1%) reported no formal training in MGUS, and 58.8% were unfamiliar with the condition. Only 8.8% had previously diagnosed MGUS, and 91.2% indicated they would refer such cases to hematologists. Moreover, 67.6% felt uncomfortable discussing MGUS with patients, and 100% lacked confidence in their ability to manage it independently.

Conclusions:   These findings reveal a significant educational gap among primary care providers, which may delay diagnosis and hinder appropriate monitoring. Most respondents expressed interest in receiving training and educational materials. The study highlights the need for continuing medical education and clear clinical pathways to optimize recognition and care of MGUS in primary settings.