(PA-150) Obesity as a Prognostic Factor in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma in a Mexican Population

In Mexico, obesity is a major public health problem with a rising prevalence, estimated to affect 36.1% of the population as of 2018.1,2 In the context of plasma cell dyscrasias, obesity has been associated with an increased risk of developing monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)3 and multiple myeloma (MM).4 However, the impact of obesity on overall survival (OS) in MM remains controversial.5,6 

Methods:   We conducted a retrospective, observational study at a single tertiary care cancer center in Mexico City. The study population consisted of patients with newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) according to the 2014 International Myeloma Workshop criteria, from April 2014 to December 2023. Clinical data were obtained from medical records, and the criteria to diagnosis and classification utilized was The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology Commission that included body mass index (BMI) and organ, tissue or body system.7 The overall survival (OS) was calculated with Kaplan-Meier method.

Results:   

A total of 343 patients with NDMM were included. The median age at diagnosis was 57 years (SD ±11.5); 60% were male. The distribution by International Staging System (ISS) stage was: S-I (3.1%), S-II (31.2%), and S-III (29.7%). By breaking down the damage caused by obesity 66.2% have cardiovascular disease, 38.7% osteoarthritis, 27.5% type 2 diabetes, 13.7% non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and 5% dyslipidemia.

The mean weight was 68.8 kg (SD ±17) and the mean BMI was 26.5 kg/m² (SD ±5.5). BMI categories were: malnutrition (2.3%), normal weight (33.5%), overweight (39.4%), and obese (23.3%). The median OS was 26 months. No statistically significant difference in OS was observed across subgroups (p = 0.124).

Conclusions:   The prevalence of obesity in our cohort was 23.3%, comparable to the 29% reported by Shah et al. in a larger cohort of 1,120 patients. In our study, obesity did not significantly impact overall survival. To our knowledge, this is the first report evaluating the relationship between obesity utilized the new criteria and survival in Mexican patients with NDMM.